Generic Structure of Narrative Text

There are 4 common of generic structure of narrative text :

1. Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana). 
2. Evaluation : A stepping back to evaluate the plight (melangkah mundur untuk mengevaluasi keadaan buruk).
3. Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang).
4. Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".

Vocabulary

1. twice : 2 kali
2. shore : pesisir
3. yard : halaman
4. backyard : halaman belakang
5. honest : jujur
6. orchid : anggrek
7. jasmine : melati
8. rose : mawar
9. belong : milik
10. fertilized : memberi pupuk
11. yours : milikmu
12. mine : miliku
13. behaviour : kelakuan
14. physical : fisik
15. cotton : kapas
16. quiet : diam
17. quite : lumayan
18. spend : mengabiskan
19. stop : berhenti
20. run : lari
21. walk : jalan
22. bathroom : kamar mandi
23. bedroom : kamar tidur
24. kingdom : kerajaan
25. house : rumah
26. secret : rahasia
27. bit : sedikit
28. bubble : gelembung
29. uniform : seragam
30. keyword : kata kunci
31. distance : jarak
32. logic : logika
33. crowded : ramai
34. show : tunjukan
35. shrimp : udang
36. sand : pasir
37. follow : mengikuti
38. safe : aman
39. choose : pilih
40. share : berbagi
41. 
    

He Boy Called Pete (analyze)

Analyze :

Characters     :           Pete as Protagonist

                                    Kevin as Protagonist

                                    Uncle Joe as Antagonist (First), Neutral Character/Tritagonist

Settings :

Place               :           Pete’s House

Time               :           Morning

Situation         :           Scary

Ending            :           Happy Ending

Synopsis :

One silent morning, Pete was awaken. He’s awaken by the unusual silence he felt in his restless dream. Breakfast always been downstairs. So, down he came. To his disappointment, nothing was served. There were neither even chairs nor dining tables could be found. But not for long the silence did stay. There was a big glass-breaking sound at the front door with a whirling ball getting inside. A boy aged eight then came in with a frightened look on the face. His name was Kevin. He wanted to take his ball back.  But, a very loud scream was heard from everywhere. Kevin grabbed the ball in no time and tried to escape when he found out the door was locked. They ran and got into another big room with dust and smell of burnt things. There, they hid inside a wardrobe. As things seemed to be fine, they got out of the wardrobe and started to sneak around the room and find a little space for the little Kev to get out of this house. “Tick tock! Tick tock!” Pete could hear the clock ticking  very clearly as he remembered something. The two little boys froze as they heard a loud banging noise just at the room door. Kev got frightened as he had before, even more. But, no matter what, he managed himself to get his ball as he found out a small hole hidden behind his ball. The banging sound was still there louder and louder. Kev tried to get his head into the small hole, but it didn’t fit. So, he tried to get his feet instead. All in a very quick move, he managed to get half of his  body outside the house. Crash! The room door fell down. Then, suddenly there appeared a big black shadow of a grown-up with his hands holding a baseball stick. Swinging……..

Past Continous / Progressive

Past Continuous

FORM

[was/were + present participle]

Examples:

• You were studying when she called.
• Were you studying when she called?
• You were not studying when she called.

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

Examples:

• I was watching TV when she called.
• When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
• While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
• What were you doing when the earthquake started?
• I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
• You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
• While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
• Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
• While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.
• A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
  B: I was snowboarding.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

Examples:

• Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
• At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
• Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.

Examples:

• Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.
  I started eating at 6 PM.
• Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
  I started earlier; and at 6 PM, I was in the process of eating dinner.

Past Progressive

USE 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

Examples:

• I was studying while he was making dinner.
• While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
• Were you listening while he was talking?
• I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
• What were you doing while you were waiting?
• Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
• They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

While vs. When

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.

Examples:

• I was studying when she called.
• While I was studying, she called.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past.

Examples:

• Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct
• Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct

Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense :

FORM

[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs

Examples:

• You called Debbie.
• Did you call Debbie?
• You did not call Debbie.

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:

• I saw a movie yesterday.
• I didn't see a play yesterday.
• Last year, I traveled to Japan.
• Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
• Did you have dinner last night?
• She washed her car.
• He didn't wash his car.

Most Verbs

Most verbs conjugate by adding -ed like the verb "wait" below.

Positive	Negative	Question
I waited. You waited. We waited. They waited. He waited. She waited. It waited.	I did not wait. You did not wait. We did not wait. They did not wait. He did not wait. She did not wait. It did not wait.	Did I wait? Did you wait? Did we wait? Did they wait? Did he wait? Did she wait? Did it wait?